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Stone setting is one of the essential stages of jewelry making, in which gemstones are
attached in a metal casting. The main objective of stone setting is to hold a gemstone
securely as well as to enhance the brilliance of a gemstone by showing its cut, clarity and
color. Jewelry manufacturers use numerous methods to set a gemstone into a jewelry item, which
generally is based on gemstone's cut and proportion. Some of these methods and techniques are
accepted and appreciated worldwide, which are described as under:
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 Prong setting, also known as claw setting, is the
most common and popular method of setting stones into jewelry. It is the easiest as well as
least expensive method of setting a gemstone. Also it allows optimal amount of light to pass
through the gemstone, showing the gemstone at its maximum brilliance. This setting style is used
for all types of jewelry items and mostly for solitaire engagement and bridal rings.
This setting often has 3, 4 or 6 small evenly spaced metal claws or prongs that are bent over
the girdle to securely hold the gemstone in a piece of jewelry. These claws and prongs are
similar in shape and size and attached to the central base part, known as the head or basket, of
a piece of jewelry. These heads or baskets are available in various shapes and sizes depending
on stone's shape and size. Common shapes of heads or baskets used in stone setting include
round, emerald cut, princess cut, oval, marquise cut, pear shaped and trilliant cut. Each claw
or prong extends upward and outward from the head and arching over the gemstone to form a secure
and enduring grip. Prongs with platinum metal is considered very strong as platinum is a very
dense and solid metal and its thin wires are sufficient to hold the gemstone securely in its
place whereas gold prongs with sufficient alloys also give a strong grip.
The visible part of prongs can be shaped
decoratively in many styles but more often rounded style is used to avoid snagging the threads
of clothes or catching other objects and causing damage to either the objects or the prongs.
This setting is also found in a few variations like v-prong and common prong. V-prong setting is
similar to the prong setting except it uses prongs which, when viewed from top, appear to be
curved into a V-shape. Common prong setting is also a modified version of a prong setting, where
a prong is divided on the top to hold two nearby gemstones.
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 Bezel setting is one of the oldest stone setting
techniques and still very popular for certain benefits. Bezel is a thin metal strip, which is
soldered with head that wraps around a gem to hold it in place. Bezel setting requires a proper
balance in all the angles. It provides a very secure grip as well as protects gemstone's edges,
the girdle and the pavilion from scratches and chips. This setting can be used for any type of
stone although mostly used for the fragile gemstones such as opal.
If the bezel setting does not surround the whole girdle of a gemstone and splits into two or
more sections, covering just part of the gemstone, then this setting is known as half bezel or
semi bezel.
Bezel setting is suitable for people with active lifestyles and it is considered the best for
men because this setting method looks masculine. Bezel setting is generally used for all the
types of jewelry items like earrings, necklaces, bracelets and rings.
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 Channel setting is a setting technique in which
gemstones are settled side-by-side as their girdles are held in between two parallel tracks on
each metal wall. This setting gives impression of floating stones in the jewelry item and
produces maximum amount of light as no metal appears in-between the gemstones. Structure of
channel setting is very similar with English language letter ‘U' in shape with two sidewalls and
a bottom. A track is available on each side of the inner metal wall to contain gemstone girdle.
Channel setting protects the gemstones exceptionally well as none of the stone's edges are
exposed, and so that they are safe from hard knocks or general wear and tear. This setting is
best suitable for diamonds with round, princess, emerald, oval, square, and baguette cuts and
often used in jewelry items like eternity bands, rings and especially in tennis bracelets.
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 A variation in channel setting, in which thin metal bars are
exposed in-between the gemstones, is known as bar setting. Bar setting gives a different visual
effect than the channel setting. |
 The word pave (pronounced as ‘pa vay') came from the French word
‘Pavé' means pavement. Pave setting is a setting method in which the surface of a jewelry item
appears to be covered with tiny diamonds. These same sized tiny diamonds are placed in small
holes that have been drilled out on the surface of a jewelry item. Generally stones are
positioned close together in a honeycomb pattern. Like the prong setting, pave setting also has
small handmade claws, triangular in shape, which hold the stones low and very close so that they
produce a carpet of brilliance across the entire surface of a jewelry item.
The use of multiple stones in pave setting forms an illusion of a bigger jewelry. Usually this
setting is combined and presented with other stone settings to add more beauty and effect. This
setting gives best results with diamonds and white gold.
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 Tension setting is a relatively new type of setting
in which metal pressure is used to hold a stone. In this setting, metal is spread apart and the
girdle of the stone is settled into small grooves in the inner surface of the metal. Tension
setting requires strong metals to create sufficient tension and pressure to hold a stone firmly
and platinum is often used for this purpose. Also this setting is appropriate only for very hard
gemstones like diamond, sapphire, ruby, etc with hardness 9 to 10 on Mohs hardness scale. |
 Flush setting, also known as burnish setting, is a
reasonably recent method of setting and similar to bead setting. In this setting, stones are
placed in holes that have been drilled out on the surface of a jewelry item. For this purpose, a
seat is prepared on the metal surface, by using a standard setting bur, to place a stone. The
diameter and the depth of the seat should be similar or slightly smaller to stone's diameter and
depth. And after that stone is placed in the seat and a burnisher is used to rub the metal down
and over the edge of the stone. After fitting the stone, its tightness should be checked
properly and there should not be any movement in the stone. This setting provides safety to the
stone because stone is positioned either below or equivalent to metal surface. |
| In bead setting, stones are placed in
holes that have been drilled out on the surface of a jewelry item. For this purpose, a seat is
prepared on the metal surface, by using a standard setting bur, to place the stone. Once the
stone is positioned in the seat, an engraving tool is used to raise the beads of metal from the
surrounding surface to hold a stone in place. These prongs are then rounded and pushed over the
edge of the stone with a beading tool. Although this method is not used much these days but it
was very common in the 20th century. |
 Invisible setting is a new and improved setting
method that is considered as one of the most difficult setting methods. In this setting, the
stones are positioned in such a manner so that metal is not visible from in-between stones that
ultimately show appearance of uninterrupted and continuous surface. In this setting, stones are
grooved just below the girdle and then those grooved stones are slid onto metal tracks to hold
them in place.
This setting is appropriate only for multi-stone arrangement that usually attached in multiple
rows. It looks similar to pave setting but gives better look and more brilliance, since no claws
obstruct the light's entry. Usually invisible setting is best suited with square princess,
emerald, baguette, and trillion cut diamonds and gemstones because the straight edges can be
positioned very close to each other without leaving any space in-between.
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Cluster setting produces a different and
unusual look for jewelry items. In this setting, many small stones are mounted together in a
group around a larger sized central stone. Generally cluster setting exhibits flower shaped
designs in a multi layered circular form, which is preferred by women in their rings.
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